Abstract Background Multiple health problems have been reported in survivors of Ebola virus disease (EVD). •The average Ebola case fatality rate is around 50%. Latest studies have shown that Ebola virus transmission occurs when there is a high viral load of bodily fluids . •The average Ebola case fatality rate is around 50%. This virus has five strains of which Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) is the first and most important strain. Scopus (8) Google Scholar. The Ebola virus (EBOV) envelope glycoprotein (GP) mediates the fusion of the virion membrane with the membrane of susceptible target cells during infection. Ebola virus disease, caused by the filovirus Ebolavirus, leads to viral hemorrhagic fever and is fatal in many cases. Abstract. The ongoing Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa has highlighted questions regarding stability of the virus and detection of RNA from corpses. Ebola virus is an emerging virus capable of causing a deadly disease in humans. To better understand the spread of infection in the affected countries, it is crucial to know the number of secondary cases generated by an infected index case in the absence and presence of control measures, i.e., the basic and effective reproduction number. The high rate of mortality in the current Ebola epidemic has made it difficult for researchers to collect samples of the virus and study its evolution. 2 1 Ebola viruses are zoonotic pathogens circulating among sylvatic species with scarce direct contact with humans. The first case was reported in Guinea in March 2014, and the disease spread in the neighboring countries of Liberia and Sierra Leone. We assembled location data on all recorded zoonotic transmission to humans and Ebola virus infection in bats and primates (1976-2014). By using a pre-test post-test methodology that measured the infection prevention and control (IPC) compliance, this study gave a clear picture of the role of healthcare workers' capacity building in basic IPC, IPC kit donation and IPC mentoring in the improvement of IPC compliance in healthcare facilities (HCFs) during an Ebola virus disease outbreak Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the information seeking about Ebola virus disease (EVD) and media channels, then to provide theory evidence for working out the health education transmission strategy in similar public health emergency events. AU - Neuhaus, Jacqueline. In the final stage a simulation was carried out to obtain a visual picture of the spread of the Ebola virus in DR Congo. Initial stages of Ebola virus infection are nonspecific, which makes the differential diagnosis broad; therefore, clinical suspicion of the infection with prompt isolation is very important in the context of a history of exposure. The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors associated with the contraction of EVD ReEBOV Antigen Rapid Test kit for point-of-care and laboratory-based testing for Ebola virus disease: a field validation study. From this data, we expose important gaps in Ebola virus research pertinent to outbreak situations. Research on Ebola Abstract In the United States of America there was an outbreak in 2014. Broadhurst MJ, Kelly JD, Miller A, Semper A, Bailey D, Groppelli E, et al. T1 - Design of a Randomized Controlled Trial for Ebola Virus Disease Medical Countermeasures. To investigate this issue, we analyzed US-focused news stories about Ebola virus disease during July 1–November 30, 2014. Rt for the three countries lies consistently above 1.0 since June 2014. Ebola virus biology and research. of subsequent outbreaks, including the 2013–16 outbreak in west Africa, have confirmed that many survivors of Ebola virus disease experience a broad range of sequelae, with hearing loss and neurological signs reported in addition to previously identified sequelae. Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a complex zoonosis that is highly virulent in humans. This study aimed to assess whether EVD-related memories affect post-outbreak health-seeking behaviours for children under 5 years of age with febrile illnesses in Guéckédou district, Guinea. Over the past decade, the Zaire strain of Ebola virus (ZEBOV) has repeatedly emerged in Gabon and Congo. Abstract. The main viral determinant of Ebola virus pathogenicity, inducing cytotoxic effects in human endothelial cells, is still uncertain but usually associated with the intracellular synthesis or transport of the gene product of the Ebola virus surface virion GP to the cell surface. Since then, there have been more than 10000 cases reported with a mortality rate of approximately 70% in clinically confirmed cases. The largest recorded outbreak of EVD is ongoing in West Africa, outside of its previously reported and predicted niche. The viruses are masters of their attack, but researchers are working hard to fight them, said … Terrible suffering in Western Africa has refocused the world’s attention on Ebola viruses, for which there is no vaccine or cure. Simulation was done in Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler (STEM). The 2014–2016 West Africa Ebola virus disease (EVD) ... We completed this prospective observational study during February 4–May 10, 2016. Ebola disease •Ebola disease is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. The viruses are masters of their attack, but researchers are working hard to fight them, said … It can be transmitted through contact with contaminated surfaces and objects. We carried out workshops in sampled facilities to further improve adherence to IPC. In this issue of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, DiLorenzo et al Reference DiLorenzo, Herstein, Evans, Lowe, Gibbs and Bhadelia 2 report on a survey of policies of Ebola treatment centers with respect to provision (planned or actual) of critical care interventions for patients with viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) such as Ebola virus disease (EVD). Prognostic value of Ebola virus load (Ct value). Ebola virus is one of the most virulent pathogens for humans. Histopathological and electron microscopical examination of human liver specimens collected during the Ebola haemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Zaire and Sudan indicated that Zairean strains of the virus produced more extensive lesions. Abstract. Significant efforts were invested in halting the recent Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa. Replication, transcription and packaging of the viral genome is carried out by the viral nucleocapsid. The effective reproduction number, Rt, of Ebola virus disease was estimated using country-specific data reported from Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone to the World Health Organization from March to August, 2014. Methodology/principal findings: Given the urgent need to determine the persistence of Ebola virus in survivors' body fluids, an observational cohort study was designed and implemented during the epidemic response operation in Sierra Leone. (2013-2016) Our aim is to study and discuss the properties of SEIR models with respect to Ebola virus… Background: In the midst of the unprecedented Ebola outbreak in West Africa during 2014-2016, the humanitarian response to control the disease was hampered in part because there was a limited understanding of local traditional rituals or indigenous medicine (ethnomedicine) on the part of the responders. Each human outbreak has been accompanied by reports of gorilla and chimpanzee carcasses in neighboring forests, but both the extent of ape mortality and the causal role of ZEBOV have been hotly debated. Geisbert, T. W. et al. In late 2014, IPC was rapidly and nationally scaled up. The 2013–16 outbreak of Ebola virus disease in west Africa Abstract. A mouse-adapted strain of Ebola virus (MA-EBOV) does not cause hemorrhagic syndrome despite causing lethal disease in laboratory mice, and it cannot be used effectively to study Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) pathogenesis, because the dissimilarity to human disease limits the ability to identify key correlates of viral pathogenesis or accurately assess the effect of vaccines or … The 2014 Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa is the largest outbreak of the genus Ebolavirus to date. Background Accomplishing infection prevention and control (IPC) in health facilities in Sub-Saharan Africa is challenging. Purpose : The Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) epidemic was one of the most severe public health emergencies in modern times. Due to the relatively few past Ebola outbreaks, available epidemiological data to infer the natural history parameters of EVD remain limited. A suspected case of sexual transmission from a male survivor of Ebola virus disease (EVD) to his female partner (the patient in this report) occurred in Liberia in March 2015. et al (2015) highlights that it is less than 3 weeks and that the virus’ infection can cause a body’s systemic inflammatory response and eventually suppress the human immune system which leads to multiple organ failure and AU - Dodd, Lori E. AU - Proschan, Michael A. Ebola virus biology and research. This paper serves as an overview of the virus, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC-US) and the WHO have recommended that infected individuals should be quarantined for 21 days. Ebola virus includes different glycoproteins each of which plays their roles in different aspects of viral life cycle. The nucleocapsid is a complex of the viral nucleoprotein, RNA and several other viral proteins. Abstract Background. Terrible suffering in Western Africa has refocused the world’s attention on Ebola viruses, for which there is no vaccine or cure. Abstract. The economic impact of epidemics has mostly been analysed at the macroeconomic level. Abstract. Ebola virus disease is associated with a case fatality rate of 30 to 90%, depending on the virus species. Specific conditions in hospitals and communities in Africa facilitate the spread of the disease from human to human. (A) Distribution of Ct values 1 for EVD (+) patients considered to have a high viral load (Ct ≤ 20) and low viral load (Ct > 20). The 2014 Ebola epidemic in West Africa is the first in history. 1 The spread of cases across remote communities and into Mbandaka, a city with land and river connections to Kinshasa and Congo (Brazzaville), has made this the most challenging Ebola virus disease outbreak … Evolution of Ebola virus over time. Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe infectious disease that was discovered in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1976 [1,2,3].The virus that causes EVD belongs to the Filoviridae family [1, 4].An EVD outbreak in West Africa which was detected in March 2014 prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare it a “public health emergency of international concern” [5, 6]. RT-PCR had been suggested to be employed in the detection of Ebola virus; however, this method has high requirements for laboratory equipment and takes a long time to determine Ebola infection. The Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa during 2013–2016 demonstrated the need to improve Ebola virus disease (EVD) diagnostics and standards of care. This publication describes study implementation methodology and the key lessons learned. The person remains infectious as long as the virus is present … Strengths and limitations of this study. Treatment of Ebola virus infection with a recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor: a study in rhesus monkeys. Ebola disease •Ebola disease is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. By using mathematical modeling and analysis, the latest major outbreak of Ebola virus in West Africa is described. The nucleoprotein NP forms large, RNA-bound, helical filaments and acts as a scaffold for additional viral … Geisbert, T. W. et al. •The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and then spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission. Abstract. Outbreaks of Ebola in … The Ebola outbreak that has affected West Africa for over a year has captured the attention of audiences throughout the world. Abstract Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a highly transmittable disease with high mortality rate. Ebola virus … Here, we explore different routes of Ebola virus transmission between people, summarizing the known epidemiological and experimental data. Early supportive care with rehydration, symptomatic treatment improves survival. With the incidence and mortality rates of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone now at zero and reports of the largest and most complex EVD outbreak in history no longer on the front pages of newspapers worldwide, the urgency of that crisis seems to have subsided. Here, we extract published evidence and review It targets three of seven Ebola virus proteins. Abstract. The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors associated with the contraction of EVD Abstract Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a highly transmittable disease with high mortality rate. Ebola virus according to a study made by T.Mangilal, AS. An ongoing outbreak of Ebola virus disease in Équateur Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, has caused 57 suspected, probable, and confirmed cases as of June 16, 2018. Product: Liferiver™ - Ebola Virus (EBOV) Real Time RT-PCR Kit Number: EAE 0432-139-00 Abstract In order to respond to the urgent need for quality-assured in vitro diagnostic tests in the event of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak, WHO has established a WHO The ongoing Ebola outbreak in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo is facing unprecedented levels of insecurity and violence. Abstract. The methodology for this review adhered to the Prisma guidelines for systematic reviews. However, evidence in the literature is dominated by the socioeconomic impacts of HIV/AIDS and malaria, while evidence on the impact of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) on households’ livelihoods remains fragmented and scant. Much has been said and written about this tragic event in the popular media as well as in scientific journals 1 – 11.The scientific community has certainly vigorously debated about the Ebola … The paper considers local responses to the introduction of an Ebola Treatment Centre in eastern Sierra Leone during the West African epidemic of 2014–15. Study: Chip test directly identifies Ebola virus. (B) Ct value distribution across age in the EVD (+) cohort. Country-specific Rt for Liberia and Sierra Leone have lied between 1.0 and 2.0. Lancet 362 , … We used Ebola virus–infected macaques to model humans who died of Ebola virus disease. SUMMARY Laboratory diagnosis of Ebola virus disease plays a critical role in outbreak response efforts; however, establishing safe and expeditious testing strategies for this high-biosafety-level pathogen in resource-poor environments remains extremely challenging. Initial stages of Ebola virus infection are nonspecific, which makes the differential diagnosis broad; therefore, clinical suspicion of the infection with prompt isolation is very important in the context of a history of exposure. AU - Koopmeiners, Joseph S. AU - Neaton, James. To determine whether such an interaction might also influence the probability of acquiring either infection, we used a large snapshot surveillance study from rural Gabon to test if past exposure … There is unequivocal evidence in the literature that epidemics adversely affect the livelihoods of individuals, households and communities. In this study, we utilize a recently developed Ebola-specific reporter cell line that expresses ZsGreen in response to Ebola virus infection, in conjunction with semi-automated processing and quantification techniques, to develop an unbiased, high-throughput microtitration assay for quantification of infectious Ebola virus in vitro. Abstract Background: Although several experimental therapeutics for Ebola virus disease (EVD) have been developed, the safety and efficacy of the most promising therapies need to be assessed in the context of a randomized, controlled trial. Viable virus was isolated < 7 days posteuthanasia; viral RNA was detectable for 10 weeks. Postexposure protection of non-human primates against a lethal Ebola virus challenge with RNA interference: a proof-of-concept study. T2 - PREVAIL II, the Ebola MCM Study. AU - Beigel, John D. AU - Barrett, Kevin. Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a lethal, infectious hemorrhagic fever that occurs in outbreaks in equatorial Africa . METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we recorded the presenting clinical characteristics of suspected Ebola virus disease cases admitted to Connaught Hospital's Ebola holding unit. 15-I-N023 and 18 … Many of the hospitals and staff members were unaware of the symptoms and transmission of this virulent virus until it was too late and it spread among patients and staff members. News media have been blamed for sensationalizing Ebola in the United States, causing unnecessary alarm. Ebola virus (EBOV) is a filamentous, enveloped, non-segmented, negative-strand ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus which belongs to family Filoviridae. Abstract. Abstract. Ebola virus has been detected in the semen of men after their recovery from Ebola virus disease (EVD). ABSTRACTEbola virus (EBOV) is a negative single-stranded RNA virus within the Filoviridae family and the causative agent of Ebola virus disease (EVD). The study is open label and masking of participants and field teams to the time of vaccination is not possible, but Ebola response teams and laboratory workers were unaware of allocation to immediate or delayed vaccination. In a recent study conducted by the WHO Ebola response team to assess sex differences among 20,035 cases reported in the three most affected countries (Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone) during the 2014 outbreak, females and males had a similar average risk of contracting the virus . Nonhuman primates (NHPs), including cynomolgus and rhesus macaques, are considered the gold standard animal model to interrogate mechanisms of EBOV pathogenesis. The Ebola virus (EBOV) can cause Ebola hemorrhagic fever, which is documented as the most deadly viral hemorrhagic fever in the world. This paper serves as an overview of the virus, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments. The 2014–2016 West Africa epidemic was the largest to date, claiming the lives of over 11,000 people . Typically, it presents with fever, headache, voluminous vomiting and diarrhea, and can progress to a hemorrhagic illness; neurologic symptoms, including meningoencephalitis, seizures, and coma, can also occur. In March 2014, an outbreak of Ebola virus (Ebola) arose in western Africa. Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. An association between malaria and risk for death among patients with Ebola virus disease has suggested within-host interactions between Plasmodium falciparum parasites and Ebola virus. We found frequent use of risk-elevating messages, which may have contributed to increased public concern. Moreover, past outbreaks have been caused by different virus strains, making it difficult to judge whether a certain observed epidemiological characteristic is unique to the causative strain. An unprecedented number of Ebola virus infections among healthcare workers and patients have raised questions about our understanding of Ebola virus transmission. •The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and then spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission. View … Abstract. Introduction. Ebola virus (EBOV) is transmitted through contact with blood or body fluids of a person who contracted or died from EVD, contaminated objects like … 2015;386:867–874. Abstract. The second largest outbreak in history currently spreads through eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) since it began on 1 August 2018, in the North Kivu Province. AU - Lane, Henry Clifford. Ebola virus disease is one of the deadliest pathogens known to man, with a mortality rate between 25–90% depending on the species and outbreak of Ebola. Lancet. We used 600 serum samples from healthy volunteers collected in 2015 in Bamba, Banzana, and Soromba, located in southern Mali, close to the border with Cote d’Ivoire (Figure) ().The human study protocol was originally approved to determine the seroprevalence for Lassa virus and then later addended to also identify the seroprevalence for EBOV (protocol nos. It was dogged by problems in the phase 1 trial, when some subjects reported flulike symptoms. Abstract Emerging infectious diseases such as Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), Nipah Virus Encephalitis and Lassa fever pose significant epidemic threats. Attribution of these problems to the disease without a … Terry is a college student who travels to a West African clinic for the summer as a volunteer. With a total of 8,704 confirmed cases (accounting for 57% of all confirmed cases in West Africa), 3,589 deaths from confirmed cases and a case fatality rate of 41.2%,1 The Study. pmid:26119838 . TKM-Ebola is a short-strand RNA drug cocktail that was modified to combat the Makona outbreak strain that has fueled West Africa's outbreak. Research on Ebola Abstract In the United States of America there was an outbreak in 2014. Abstract Background: The 2013-2015 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in Guinea resulted in community mistrust that influenced health care service utilization. Background: The Ebola virus (EBOV) epidemic in Western Africa is the largest in recorded history and control efforts have so far failed to stem the rapid growth in the number of infections. Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a haemorrhagic fever characterised by severe, multisystem disease, and a high case fatality. Based on the results of stability analysis, the system around the endemic equilibrium point is unstable. Ebola is a very interesting disease to study due to the way it is transmitted and how it affects people of different ages.Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of congo by Boron Peter Karel Piot. Starting in December 2013, the Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic spread in West Africa through five countries (Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea, Nigeria, and Mali), killing over 11,300 people. Transmission dynamics and control of Ebola virus disease (EVD): a review Gerardo Chowell1,2* and Hiroshi Nishiura3 Abstract The complex and unprecedented Ebola epidemic ongoing in West Africa has highlighted the need to review the epidemiological characteristics of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) as well as our current understanding of the transmission Lancet 375, 1896-905 (2010). AU - Davey, Richard T. The current Ebola outbreak in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is the second largest in history and the first in which the recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus – Zaire Ebolavirus (rVSV-ZEBOV) vaccine has been used at scale. Drs. Mulangu, Dodd, and Davey and Drs. Lane and Muyembe-Tamfum contributed equally to this article. Although several experimental therapeutics for Ebola virus disease (EVD) have been developed, the safety and efficacy of the most promising therapies need to be assessed in the context of a randomized, controlled trial. Ebola virus disease is associated with a case fatality rate of 30 to 90%, depending on the virus species. Abstract. Since the Ebola virus was first identified in 1976, sporadic outbreaks of Ebola virus disease have been reported in Africa, each causing high mortality. This retrospective study compared laboratory values and clinical features of 3 nonhuman primate models of lethal EVD to assess associations with improved survival time. Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) is one of numerous viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHFs). The Ebola Virus probaly started with a single affected person in West Africa. In this study secreted glycoprotein (Q7T9E0) of Ebola virus was acquired from Uniprot. We assessed the effect of the Ebola virus disease epidemic on the use of maternal and child health services focused on the eight chosen indicators through compiling the existing data across the six health districts and estimating a sequence of interrupted time series models, one for each distinct indicator, across three periods: before the Ebola virus disease epidemic (January, 2013, to February, … Early supportive care with rehydration, symptomatic treatment improves survival. 1 No vaccine is currently licensed for preventing Ebola virus disease or other filovirus infections. Many of the hospitals and staff members were unaware of the symptoms and transmission of this virulent virus until it was too late and it spread among patients and staff members. The keywords/phrases used were: “Ebola virus disease”, “Epidemiology of Ebola virus disease”, “Mortality and morbidity associated with Ebola virus disease”, “Pathogenesis of Ebola virus disease”, “Clinical manifestation of Ebola virus disease”, and “Prevention of Ebola virus disease”. Articles dated from 1976 to 2015 were included in the study. Now, studies are emerging on the magnitude of the indirect health effects of the outbreak in the affected countries, and the aim of this study is to systematically assess the results of these publications. It was a simulation study based on SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered) compartmental model. Abstract. In a large cohort study. Methods . Abstract Ebola virus (EBOV) is considered one of the most aggressive infectious agents and is capable of causing death in humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) within days of exposure. A research team based at the University of California (UC)–Santa Cruz has developed a chip-based method to directly detect Ebola and other viral pathogens, which could speed and streamline diagnosis in the field. A geospatial epidemiological model was simulated to estimate the spread of Ebola virus disease after a hypothetical outbreak in India. Study details for 26 case series and case reports (reported in 25 publications) are presented in Additional file 1: Table S1, including the number of patients, country of infection, location of clinical care, anti-Ebola virus treatment given, critical care interventions, and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, an analysis of the spread of the virus was carried out with stability analysis. Owing to poor IPC, healthcare workers (HCWs) were frequently infected during Sierra Leone's Ebola epidemic. Due to the relatively few past Ebola outbreaks, available epidemiological data to infer the natural history parameters of EVD remain limited. Moreover, past outbreaks have been caused by different virus strains, making it difficult to judge whether a certain observed epidemiological characteristic is unique to the causative strain. The red line plots the … This case study introduces students to viruses and is suitable for a general biology course. Through a unique anthropomorphic view and the integration of game-based learning, this case study explores how the Ebola virus can evade the immune response. We evaluate the likely impact in terms of added transmissibility and cases of major security incidents in the Butembo coordination hub. Background. Abstract. The incubation period of Ebola virus is 2–21 days after infection. Ebola virus (EBOV) is the causative agent of a severe hemorrhagic fever disease associated with high mortality rates in humans. Abstract. Conversely, we aimed to estimate the economic costs of preventive measures of the epidemic to an extractive firm, ArcelorMittal, using data in the epidemic region from March 2014 to … We describe a case series of 35 Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors during the epidemic in West Africa who had neurologic and accompanying psychiatric sequelae. Responses to emerging infectious disease outbreaks frequently occur in resource-constrained regions and under high pressure to quickly contain the outbreak prior to potential spread. Ebola GP was found to have accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum . Fig 3. We present a mathematical description of different Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) models.

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